Solidaritas Sosialis HTR Kemitraan

Lysenko via Arsuka (2002) menyebutkan tetumbuhan dari species yang sama menunjukkan "solidaritas sosialis" dan tak akan saling bersaing demi kelestarian jenis masing-masing, bahkan dalam jarak tumbuh yang berdekatan tanaman-tanaman sejenis tersebut akan saling membahu untuk tumbuh. Pernyataan Lysenko ini sempat menggemparkan dunia, karena telah mendorong sain mundur 20 tahun ke belakang.

Lalu bagaimana dengan inisiatif-inisiatif semisal Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (HTR) dengan HTI (Hutan Tanaman Industri) yang saat ini sedang marak digalakkan dalam pola kemitraan antara masyarakat dan perusahaan, adakah kemungkinan HTR Kemitraan menganut filosofi kehutanan Lysenko?

Membaca gelagatnya, inisiatif HTR Kemitraan menganut solidaritas sosialis-nya Lysenko untuk memecahkan persoalan kekurangan lahan bagi hutan tanaman dan sekaligus sebagai upaya meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat di sekitar hutan tanaman. Walaupun solidaritas sosial HTR Kemitraan mengabaikan persoalan fisik-biologi tanah dan tanaman, yang dalam pandangan biologi modern lainnya dianggap sesat, bahkan bagi para kalangan yang meyakini monokultur (tanaman sejenis dalam skala besar) adalah bagian dari industri ekstraktif (mengeruk habis sumberdaya mineral tanah).

Memetik pengalaman dari inisiatif lain, kebun hutan (wanatani) yang menganut penanaman beragam jenis tanaman dan sudah dilakukan secara mandiri di beberapa tempat di Indonesia, serta telah diteliti oleh banyak pihak sebagai upaya terbaik kehutanan masyarakat malah tidak menjadi ketertarikan industri untuk pengembangannya? Apakah karena kebun hutan tidak relevan untuk industri kehutananan skala besar dibanding HTR Kemitraan?

Koeksistensi Komuniti Forestri

Penyandingan (coexisting) Berbagai Model Community Forestry
Untuk Kualitas Pengelolaan Hutan Terbaik

Proses desentralisasi pemerintahan di Indonesia tidak diikuti kesiapan pemerintah pusat-daerah untuk melakukan desentralisasi pengelolaan sumberdaya alam (devolusi). Sehingga, pemerintah daerah (kabupaten) terlihat gagap, yang kemudian demi alasan peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) melakukan eksploitasi lebih luas dan dalam atas sumberdaya alam setempat. Sementara itu pemerintah pusat pun termakan rasa ketakutan yang besar saat desentralisasi berjalan, kewenangan pemerintah pusat atas pengelolaan dan penataan manfaat sumberdaya alam berkurang dibanding era sentralisasi.

Sejalan dengan itu di sektor kehutanan, devolusi sumberdaya hutan walau tidak menjurus ke otonomi komunitas sudah menemukan beberapa bentuk pengelolaannya seperti Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm, ditengarai pada 2001 sudah terindentifikasi implementasi HKm seluas 252.410, 55 ha di 18 propinsi), Pembinaan Masyarakat Desa Hutan atu HPH Bina desa, Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM, oleh Perhutani), Hutan Tanaman Industri Rakyat (HTR, yang ditengarai akan melibatkan sektor swasta dalam pengembangan semisal pola Inti-Plasma di sektor perekebunan atau kemitraan) dan baru-baru ini tentang Hutan Desa.

Berbagai bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan dan kawasan hutan tersebut diakui atau tidak adalah pengaruh dorongan dari gerakan sistem hutan kerakyatan (SHK, community forestry) di Indonesia yang sedari 1992 mulai diperkenalkan di Asia Tenggara seperti Thailand, Filipina, dan Indonesia. SHK sendiri yang memiliki bentuk beragam di beberapa tempat masih melekat dengan aturan atau sistem adat istiadat yang hingga kini tidak mendapatkan pengakuan hukum (unrecognized) dari pemerintah dibanding bentuk-bentuk yang sudah disebutkan sebelumnya (recognized, melalui intervensi kebijakan).

Bentuk-bentuk SHK adalah Repong Damar di Lampung, Tembawang di Kalimantan Barat, Simpukqn di Kalimantan Timur, Parak di Sumatera Barat, Pangale di Sulawesi Tengah, dan hutan adat di beberapa tempat dengan sebutan yang brebeda-beda (Identifikasi melalui program Perluasan Wilayah Kelola Rakyat, praktik SHK masih berlangsung di 1.800 desa di sekitar 14 kawasan taman nasional dan konservasi di seluruh Indonesia minus Papua, KpSHK 2005).

Kini, dengan melihat kondisi hutan dan kawasan hutan yang menuju kerusakan yang lebih parah, perlu perbaikan-perbaikan yang menitik beratkan kepada tatakelola kehutanan yang baik (good forest governance). Berbagai inisiatif baik yang recognized community forestry maupun yang unrecognized perlu didorong ke arah terjadinya good forest governance. Untuk itu jalan penyandingan (co-existences) dari keduanya perlu dilakukan, karena pada kenyataannya keduanya adalah praktik pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat yang masih berlangsung hingga kini, sekalipun memiliki kekurangan-kekurangan.

Penyandingan (coexistences) tersebut merupakan cara untuk mensinergiskan desentralisasi pemerintahan dengan devolusi (desentralisasi pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan). Selain itu juga untuk memicu berbagai pihak melakukan perbaikan-perbaikan demi terwujudnya peningkatan kualitas pengelolaan hutan yang lebih baik. Karena selama ini desentralisasi dan partsipasi (devolusi) menemui kendala-kendala sebagai berikut:

* Desentralisasi oleh pemerintah daerah dianggap pelimpahan kewenangan penuh untuk mengeksploitasi sumberdaya alam (hutan) sebesar-besarnya tanpa mempertimbangkan kepentingan sosial dan ekologi.
* Masih melekatnya metal dan tindakan buruk aparat pemerintah daerah seperti korupsi, manipulasi dan nepotisme dalam implementasi berbagai inisiatif community forestry.
* Proses delegitimasi Pusat atas Daerah, tentang desntralisasi pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan.
* Peran sektor swasta kehutanan yang masih sebatas memberikan bantuan (imbal balik) kepada masyakarat sekitar yang tidak berhubungan dengan aktivitas ekonomi kehutanan di masyarakat melalui community development.
* Perbedaan persepsi tentang partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan dan kawasan hutan antarpihak (swasta, pemerintah dan masyarakat).
* Belum adanya penyelesaian konflik kawasan hutan yang menyeluruh antar pemangku kepentingan kehutanan (swasta, pemerintah dan masyarakat).
* Penyandingan (coexistences) dari berbagai inisiatif community forestry baik yang dilakukan oleh swasta, badan usaha kehutanan negara, pemerintah dan masyarakat lokal atau adat juga bertujuan untuk menemukan bentuk padu-padan dan pengembangan yang mutakhir sehingga model best practice dari community forestry terwujud dan mampu direplikasikan di kemudian hari ke berbagai tempat.


Rencana Kegiatan
Koeksistensi berbagai model community forestry (komuniti forestri) akan meliputi berbagai kegiatan-kegiatan sebagai berikut:

* Identifikasi model-model komuniti forestri. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan model-model komuniti forestri yang sedang atau yang sudah lama berjalan dari masing-masing pihak (masyarakat, program CSR perusahaan, program pemerintah pusat dan daerah).
* Perencanaan komunitas (kelompok). Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menyiapkan komunitas (kelompok) mulai dari indentifikasi potensi, pemilihan program komuniti forestri, hingga monitoring dan evaluasi atas pengelolaan kawasan komuniti forestri di beberapa wilayah yang ditunjuk dalam program coexisting semisal SHK (Hutan Adat), HKm, Hutan Desa, dan Program CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), BUMN (Perhutani).
* Berbagi pengalaman antarpelaku komuniti forestri. Kegiatan ini bertujuan agar pelaku komuniti forestri (masyarakat, perusahaan, pemerintah) saling memberi dan menerima pengalaman-pengalaman terbaiknya untuk memberikan dampak kemajuan bagi masing-masing model yang dikembangkan para pihak.
* Peningkatan kapasitas para pelaku komuniti forestri. Kegiatan peningkatan kapasitas ini ditujukan kepada community leaders, ketua kelompok, atau manajer-manajer program CSR di lapangan atau pelaksana lapangan dan pemerintah (dinas kehutanan).
* Festival komuniti forestri. Kegiatan festival bertujuan untuk menemukan model terbaik dari berbagai inisiatif komuniti forestri yang berlandaskan sustainable forestry management (pembangunan kehutanan yang berkelanjutan). Dari model-model komuniti forestri 5 besar terbaik yang sudah ditunjuk menjadi bagian dari Program Koeksistensi Model-Model Komuniti Forestri, nantinya akan menjadi bahan (rekomendasi) replikasi untuk inisiatif-inisiatif yang sama di wilayah-wilayah lain.
* Pengembangan Sistem Informasi dan Dokumentasi. Untuk mengawal proses-proses koeksistensi model-model komuniti forestri perlu upaya pengembangan informasi dan dokumentasi. Kegiatan pengembangan sistem informasi dan dokumentasi dari Koeksistensi Model-Model Komuniti Forestri meliputi penguatan sistem database, publikasi regular untuk para pihak (masyarakat, perusahaan, dan pemerintah), dan penyadaran publik (promosi).

HTR Kemitraan, Sekadar Penamaan

Mencontoh Kegagalan di Sektor Perkebunan Sawit

Peluang rakyat untuk mengelola kawasan hutan dalam satu dekade ini mulai terbuka. Hutan Tanaman Industri Rakyat (HTR) adalah salah satu peluang tersebut. Dua atau tiga tahun lalu, sejalan dengan Program Pembaruan Agria Nasional, Departemen Kehutanan menyediakan 6 juta hektar kawasan hutan yang kritis untuk masyarakat miskin, 3 juta hektar untuk industri.

Fay (2005) menyebutkan pemerintah pada kenyataannya hanya benar-benar menguasai 11% kawasana hutan negara, sementara 52%-nya adalah kawasan hutan negara yang coincide (bertepatan) dengan klaim-klaim dari masyarakat lokal (adat).

Mengacu pada temuan Fay, HTR dapat dianggap sebagai solusi pemerintah meredam klaim-klaim masyarakat atas kawasan hutan negara (hutan produksi). Pertama, ketidakmampuan pemerintah mengurus dan menguasai seluruh kawasan hutan negara (klaim negara) terjawab oleh HTR, dengan membuka emansipasi rakyat dalam pengurusan kawasan hutan. Kedua, pemerintah tidak membutuhkan biaya besar untuk melakukan rehabilitasi kawasan hutan yang rusak akibat kesalahan masa lalu, dimana para pemegang ijin HPH (Hak Pengusahaan Hutan) dan HTI (Hutan Tanaman Industri) banyak melakukan pelanggaran dan kejahatan. Dan ketiga, HTR menjadi alat peredam konflik antara industri HTI dengan masyarakat lokal (adat), dimana saat ini banyak pihak mulai menawarkan model kemitraan di sektor hutan tanaman di kawasan non konsesi.

Di satu sisi HTR yang harus di kawasan hutan tidak dibebani hak (ijin) baik bagi peningkatan emansipasi rakyat dalam pengelolaan kawasan hutan, namun di sisi lain akan menuai kritik, terutama berkenaan dengan pengakuan hak bawaan (asal-usul) atas kawasan hutan dalam perspektif masyarakat adat. Masyarakat adat masih memandang pemerintah belum sepenuhnya mengakui hak bawaan atas kawasan hutannya sekalipun di kenyataannya, praktik-praktik pengelolaan dan kepemilikan adat masih berlangsung. HTR bukan jawaban bagi klaim adat (terutama di masyarakat masih kuat memegang aturan adat-istiadatnya, masyarakat adat yang tertutup).

Industri Rakus Lahan
Dua industri besar Indonesia berbasis kawasan hutan yaitu Hutan Tanaman Industri untuk Pulp-Kertas dan perkebunan sawit (kawasan hutan yang dilepaskan menjadi HGU-Hak Guna Usaha). Kedua industri ini ditengarai industri yang rakus lahan. Di beberapa tempat di Sumatera semisal Jambi, Sumatera Selatan, dan Riau, kedua industri ini saling bersaing seolah-olah berebut lahan, walau perkebunan sawit lebih mudah mendapatkan lahan karena perolehan ijinnya di bawah kewenangan bupati.

Aturan dan skema HTR yang belum tersosialisasi dengan baik dan luas, di beberapa tempat dimanfaatkan sebagai alat penyelesaian konflik kawasan oleh kalangan tertentu terutama oleh pelaku industri dan LSM (Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat). Yang cukup marak adalah di Sumatera (Jambi dan Riau). Kontrol pemerintah dalam hal ini jelas, bagaimana HTR menjadi alat peredam klaim atas kawasan hutan dan tidak mendatangkan konflik baru. Walau hanya sekadar penamaan (naming), HTR kemitraan adalah adopsi dari sistem perkebunan sawit pola kemitraan yang gagal (konflik perkebunan sawit ditengarai muncul dari pola ini, Jefri Saragih, Sawit Watch, mencatat 570 kejadian konflik di perkebunan sawit dalam rentang dua tahun belakangan ini ). Hendaknya semua pihak harus lebih jeli belajar

Indonesia's Peat Land Community Festival (March 31 - April 2, 2009)

"Strengthening the Ecological based Economy Development
for Sustainability of Peat land Community"

Indonesia is well known for its world largest tropical peat lands which consists 38 million hectares (Department of Forestry, 1997). This Prestige could also be a boomerang, just right before (UNFCCC-COP 13) United Nations Framework on Climate Change Conferences in Bali a year ago (December 2007), Wetland International had presented their research statement, that Indonesia has become the third world largest carbon emitter below United States and China from a peat land fire disaster each years.

This condition is convinced on field, after several observations at some of the latest progress considering the swamp-peat (forest-swamp) land area coverage degradation in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Borneo) and Papua. It is declared that today's extensive of Indonesia forest-swamp is 26 million hectares left. In Sumatra, the extensive of forest-swamp land for over 10 years ago had decrease from 7,2 million hectares to become 6 million hectares. Furthermore, based on these fact, there isn't any institution could confirmed the exact figures of the forest-swamp area extensive in some of Indonesia's bioregion.

Sumatra's forest-swamp land degradation equals with 20% of carbon emission released from deforestation and forest area degradation as a cause of a conversion and other utilization of forest area (including the forest-swamp area) in Indonesia (WWF, 2008).

Community's management areas (protected and production) which lies inside and around the Sumatra conservation forest area is about 40% of Sumatra's total forest areas (registration of community's management area-KpSHK, 2005). Almost 20 millions large group communities (local and traditional people) live in community's management area. For all years, these communities have been claimed to be a subject of forest and environment devastation. In contrary, for centuries these people who often to be framed as an illegal blazer and forest burner is a community that has its own traditional (local) wisdom (knowledge and culture) in a way to keep their livelihood sustainable.

Goldman in Privatizing Nature (1998) mentioned, "What it is called community doesn't have to be an ecological group, hence they have already depended on their natural resources. Automatically, these communities will maintain their natural resources sustainable for their life". According to the statement above, it is clearly proved that Community Based Forest System Management (CBFsM) have been inherited for over centuries in local (traditional) communities. At some management forms or model, SHK brought social and environmental value onto a forest area management. These SHK values are unity, independency, sustainability and continuity.


SHK studies for Climate Justice

Indonesia's soubriquet as a world's third carbon emitter from forest and forest-swamp fire as it was "prejudiced" by Wetland International at least have changed a national and international public objectives. So that, in several International agreements on climate changes (REDD-Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Degradation and CDM-Clean Development Mechanism) for a third world country like Indonesia, have troubled a forest-swamp land to be oriented and implemented on both approaches mentioned above, (mitigation and adaptation of a climate change)

Besides, forest-swamp land is often considered as a land without human activities. Even in some of government regulations, these areas are placed in a conservation forest area. In contrary, daily activities of a traditional community along Sumatra coastline, have developed these area to be a place for their cattle (buffalo) ground, fresh water nursery, swamp rice, coconut plant, vegetables-horticulture and as a source of a handicraft such as; grass mat, straw mat, and crockery.

Almost all of local (traditional) community activities in a forest-swamp land are undisruptive to its environment. Some of this even knowledge has a benefit for an environment protection and preservation, such as Smong in Semelue-Aceh.

In order to eliminate these bad suspicions and images that has been attributed to Indonesia, or specially a local (traditional) community that lives inside a forest-swamp land, and to anticipate the eviction of those from their own living ground, it is necessary to build an effort study for a community supporting group to strengthen a local (traditional) community autonomy position and its traditional wisdom to keep a natural and life sustainability. It is encourage a form of SHK social-ecology study to come up with a theme: Re-Inventory program of Community Based Peat Land Area Management alongside Eastern Sumatra Coastline. The study itself, have been conducted 3 months (October - December 2008) supported by CSF (Civil Society Forum for Climate Justice) in 4 region which are; Jambi, Palembang, West Sumatra and Riau. Some evidences found in the study are:

* Local (indigenous) community reside inside and around the peat land forest realized that there have been changes on their crop cycle, irrigation crisis, decrease of handicraft and peatland's fisheries and farm decrement
* Peat land utilization as an alternatives economy source (non timber forest product) for local (indigenous) community from community based peatland forest management has diversed caused by land destruction and conversion to a palm oil and timber estate plantation (HTI). These local (indigineous) communities reside and owe its life existence in peat land area, and they life through generations by developing a non timber peat land forest product.
* It has been land conversions from a buffer zone of peat land conservation forest area by HTI and palm oil expansion. It is obviously give impact on the environment which could increase the releasing of carbon stock (carbon emission) lies under the peat land surface.

Specifically, the evidence from SHK study for climate justice will represent as follows:

* In traditional community of "Anak Nagari Amping Parak", Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatra, since 300 ha of its traditional community peat land area introduced by palm oil plantation (ex-palm oil plantation area in transmigration region), from that moment on, this community have not ever conduct a tradition of great harvesting from rice field and farm in last 10 years. Rice field irrigation in the region aggravated by peat land forest conversion into palm oil plantation area.
* 2. In Riding Malay traditional community, reside in region 12 administration Village Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI), South Sumatra, the community have no longer plant "sonor" traditionally (sonor is a Peat Land rice) in last 5 years, it is caused by the invasion and operation of some palm oil plantation industry and monoculture industrial forest in OKI. It have been change the way of community prediction as their traditional knowledge on how the land rise-subsided (peat land), even in last 3 years it cannot be predicted at all. Besides sonor, this traditional community also have tradition to plant rubber tree obtained from interaction with other community (Lampung) as a result of a traditional "purun" handicrafts mat trading (purun, is a type of Peat Land grass).
* In Air Hangat traditional community, Kerinci, a change had occurred on way of people plant rice. In this last 30 years, biggest part of their production area bared in wetlands area or swamp, their subsistent farming method become modern (intensification, with the use of fertilizer and the mini tractor as a substitute for buffalo energy). This change cause "Kenduri Pusako", Lake Party, and rice planting period (turun sawah) accelerated, the tradition that first would be conducted in decades have become annually organized.
* In Batanghari traditional community, Muara Jambi, Jambi, growing crops and mixed fruit planting (duku and durian), Peat Land rice farming have hardly ever be conducted. Their farm and land mostly have been converted to become self-supporting palm oil plantation and industrial forest plantation. As a result, a community harvesting culture could not be carried out.
* In Kampar Peninsula Malayan traditional community, Riau, sago plantation and fresh water fishery (river fishery) have been condemned by the expansion of palm oil and industrial forest plantation. This community have not be able to conduct their traditional river fish and mass farm harvesting in the last 10 years, they have changed their farm tradition to become self-supporting palm oil farmer and have become labor in industrial forest plantation company. Though, the attainment of food needs (fish, paddy and sago) in Pekanbaru (the capital city) is fulfilled from traditional community agriculture commodities in Kampar Peninsula.

REED, NTFP and Multistakeholders Contribution in Forestry Reform

Political reformation has stepped into its 10 years progression since 1998. The order to make a reformation is also happen in Forestry by a change of the policy from principal decree of Forestry No.5/1967 into Decree of Forestry No. 41/1999.

10 years after the policy effectively implemented, the forestry reformation has created much change to initiate the community to be actively participating in forest and forest area management, such as; HKm (Social Forestry), Indegeneous Forest, Timber Based Community Forest and Village Forest. These type of community based forest management soon will be implemented, for HKm itself, the government have spared 2 million ha of the forest area to 2015 (target of implementation for 2009 is 400.000 ha), for HTR government also spared 9 million ha (6 million ha for inadequate people, 3 million ha for industry, and in 2009, government try to identify a critical forest areas).

In contrary, forestry reformation not yet acceptable by all of important forestry stake holder in Indonesia, especially by indegeneous people (indegeneous people supporting organization, Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara - AMAN claim to revise the decree No.41 especially with associated with Indegeneous Forest, whereas the code, Indegeneous Forest defined as State Forest of which Reside in indegeneousary right for indegeneous land). On the other hands, other stake holder (perpetrator of industry for example, permission holder of Timber estate Forest plantation and palm oil plantation) have conducted a partnership approach with community claimed as a model of HTR, though HTR according to forestry policy, reside in area of forest which not yet been given the management rights.

Recent condition of causal correlation between forest existences with climate change, Indonesia Government come up with proposal; REDD (Reduction Emission from Deforestation and Degradation) as a climate change adaptation and mitigation effort in Indonesia. The government hope, through this REDD, industrial country which is the biggest carbon emitor (not yet) coping to decrease carbon emission and giving crossed defrayal (compensation) for Indonesia in order to take care of [his/its] forest from degradation and deforestation (in COP meeting - Conference Of Parties-14 in Poznan, Governmental has not yet succeeded to re-negotiate this matter with a few the state which is at COP 13 have agreed).

Moreover, there are still some debate about REDD scheme which require to be executed voluntarily nor have to by mandatory for industrial country, some project of REDD in this moment, have been implemented in some area in Indonesia, for example in Aceh, Central Kalimantan (REDD in ex-Mega Rice Project peat land area which supported by Australian and Dutch government) and Papua.

Furthermore, emerge the lack of understanding and anxiety came from a lot of stake holder (NGO, indegeneous people, local government, company of plantation and forestry, research institute and independent donor institute) about REDD. In December 2008, KpSHK perform a multi stake-holder discussion together to comprehend REDD in Bogor. This evenet come up with theme "Multistakeholders Perpectives Apprehension: Economic Added Value In Community Based Peat Land Management as an Alternative respond to REDD Scheme". As a result, all participants considered REDD as a hazy matterial, it also emerge an anxiety that REDD, kill local economic initiatives (community economy level from its non timber forest product-NTFP).

Some other anxiety, raise because REDD will tend to improve forest area protection as conservation area, which from previous experiences, the community would not take benefit from conservation forest existence. REDD can trigger timber estate Forest extension and expansion (big HTI) as those which have been announced by IFCA Coordinator, Wahjudi Wardoyo (2007), " REDD will be applied to 5 forest type which are; conservation forest, natural timber Forest, timber estate forest (HTI), and peat land and conversion forest for palm oil plantation. But, timber estate forest, HTI and palm oil plantation still able to be exploited".


Indonesia Peat land Community Festival

Come up from the evidence that the problem of Forest management in Indonesia raise by causal correlation of forest existences, forestry, local (indigeneous) community and climate change that have been described above, KpSHK cooperate with some civil society organizations will conduct a Indonesia Peat land Community Festival: "Strengthening the Ecological based of Economy Development for Sustainability of Peat land Community".

The Festival conducted with purpose as follows:

* To promote ecological based of economy effort of indegeneous people live in peat land area.
* To identify multi stake-holder initiatives in order to support ecological based of economy development in peat land area, locally and national.
* Implementation reflection of decree No.41 on Forestry, as a product of forestry policy which since 1999 by multi stake-holder and its correlation with the interest of decreasing deforestation and land degradation that have been proposed by Indonesia Government as an effort for a global climate change adaptation and mitigation.
* To represent the actual portrait from economic and ecologic condition of Indonesia's peat land in order to create a sustainability of peat land's local (indigenous) community.
* To enhance the forestry bearau, national and international public to strengthen economical and ecological rescue effort by a community based peat land management.


Indonesia Peat land Community Festival will enhance all stake-holder contribution (local/indigenous people, local government, state government, plantation and forestry industry counterpart, and NGOs), locally and nationally by a serial event described as follows:

* Peat Land's Community Non Timber Forest Products Exhibitions. In peat land traditional community, non timber forest product such as; handicrafts, honey, cane and bamboo mat, is a form of peat land's people culture. The target of this product Exhibition is to identify on how far the influence of modernization to acculturation of peat land's people, and it is also expected later an emerge idea of development for economic improvement (alternatives) for peat land's people in the future. As a Specific target, KpSHK would like to identify on how big a peat land's non timber forest products could plays it parts commercially and in order to fulfill potential market demand (fair trade).
* "Peat land's Books and Film Launching". October - December 2008, KpSHK collaborated with HuMA, CSF, have conducted study in 4 region of Sumatra's peat land. At this event, the result will be represented in order to have several input from public about the actual condition of local (indigineous) community reside in peat land area
* Peat Land Community Art Performances. Culture as adaptation form to their environment is manifested in cultural art. Harvesting Party Dance, Crop Planting Season Dance, Lake Party Dance, and others culture manifestation. These appearance and performance aim to distinguish acculturations in a peat land traditional which in this time have mostly converted into palm oil, industrial forest plantation area, and the other industrial development. In this art performance, it will be invited some cultural art expert to give assessment for change from a dance values in context past and present.
* 10 years reflection of Forestry Policy reformation (decree No.41 and its causal policy) and REDD. This seminar and workshop will invite all forestry functionaries in Indonesia. Hoping that together, they will criticize and make a revision proposal for a proper implementation of sustainable forest management and prepare it for the cimate change's adaptation and mitigation di forestry (REDD) in future.
* Multi Stake Holder Panel Discussion on Peat Land people's culture and the Development of peat lands Ecology-based Economy. This panel discussion aim to see how immense the influence of a plantation industrial development, forestry, and agriculture to peat land people's culture, so that the existing acculturation can be clearly identified in a point of view of anthropology or social theories or also culture practices. Social-Economy Forestry expertises will also contribute to open a new public's point of view, so that the goals of creating a solution for a security of local and regional economy income which based on ecological and economical sustainable.
* Multi Stake Holder Workshop on Creating Agreement Agenda for a Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Peat Land Area. Kegiatan ini akan mewadahi para pihak untuk secara bersama-sama memahami adaptasi-mitigasi perubahan iklim di sektor kehutanan (REDD) terutama para pihak di kawasan rawa-gambut untuk kemudian menyiapkannya ke dalam agenda masing-masing.
* Documentation and Promotion, "Peat land's Books and Film Launching". Documentation and promotion will be serially conducted from prep and during the "Indonesia Peat Land's people Festival", it is expected to encourage multiparty participation and support from government, private sectors and public to comprehend acculturation of a peat land ecosystem traditional community. The output of this "Indonesia Peat Land's people Festival" formed in books and movie, which later will be well distributed in particular party considering with the problem. The purpose for a policy maker, so that the government and its component (institution) started to consider about this peat land community acculturation as a potential priority that need a deliberation in a social and economic development process such as poverty eradication, the improvement of local economic through a tourism sector on peat land ecosystem. Local TV contribution such as; Ruai TV-Kalbar, Bengkulu TV dan Kendari TV along the festival, the result will be well distributed.



The committee formed by KpSHK consists with:

* Chairman: Mohammad Djauhari (National Coordinator of KpSHK)
* Steering Committee: Mohammad Djauhari, Berry Nahdian Forqan (WALHI), Abet Nego Tarigan (Sawit Watch), Joko Waluyo, Andiko (HuMa), Asep (HuMa), Nurhidayati (CSF), Puji Semedi (Kehati), Rina Kusuma (Kehati), Kisworo Pinilih (Ruai TV-Kalbar), and MN. Asikin (Board KpSHK).
* Organizing Committee: Sutrisno Elnino, Jefri Saragih, staff and volunteer of KpSHK


Contact person
KpSHK, (Konsorsium Pendukung system hutan Kerakyatan)
Consortium for Supporting Community Based Forest system Management
Jalan Sutiragen V No.14, Indraprasta I, Bogor, West Java. Indonesia. 16153
ph: 0251 8380301, fax: 0251 8380301. e-mail: kpshk@kpshk.org ,
CP: Mohammad Djauhari (National Coordinator), email: tjongpaniti@kpshk.org

Gerakan Menuju perubahan pengelolaan sumberdaya Alam yang lestari

Kesadaran akan pentingnya rakyat memiliki hak dalam penguasaan sumberdaya alam mendorong gerakan pengembalian hak kelola rakyat atas sumber kekayaan alam untuk keberlanjutan kehidupan, merupakan titik awal gerakan Sistem Hutan Kerakyatan di Indonesia.

Mendasari upaya mempertahankan dan mengembalikan sumber-sumber kehidupan rakyat maka pilihan untuk menumbuh-kembangkan kekuatan rakyat sangat mendesak untuk dilakukan.

Gerakan lain juga berkembang seiring dengan munculnya permasalahan dalam menjalankan tata kelola sumberdaya hutan di Indonesia. Hal ini kemudian yang mendorong banyaknya aktivitas yang bekerja sebagai system control bagi pemerintah sekaligus menjadi penguat keberadaan masyarakat dalam mengelelola sumberdaya alamnya.
Merujuk kepada kepentingan rakyat di atas segala-galanya, pilihan untuk melakukan perlawan terhadap negara, perilaku penyelenggara negara dan juga rezim kapitalisme global terus dilakukan oleh banyak kalangan dalam satu dekade terakhir dengan membangun gerakan-gerakan pengelolaan sumberdaya alam berbasis masyarakat. Bahwa tidak terjadi banyak perubahan yang signifikan, hal itu disadari merupakan hal yang mesti dijawab dalam upaya perbaikan ke depan.

Kampanye sebagai pilihan Strategis
Kampanye didefinisikan sebagai rangkaian kegiatan pendukung yang mewakili prinsip-prinsip perluasan informasi dan pengayaan pengetahuan kepada khalayak (publik umum) dalam upaya menjembatani cita-cita yang ingin dicapai.

Media kampanye baik secara langsung ataupun tidak, kemudian menjadi pilihan paling strategis untuk menyebarkan informasi dan segala pengetahuan yang didapat dari pengalaman aktifitas terutama di kalangan lembaga swadaya masyarakat. Kampanye menjadikan segala bentuk kegiatan menjadi lebih dimiliki oleh masyarakat umum.

Bentuk-bentuk kampanye dapat digambarkan sebagai sebuah orasi ilmiah, berita di media cetak ataupun elektronik sampai penggunaan teknologi jaringan maya (internet) untuk menyebarluaskan informasi ini. Keterbatasan publik dalam memperoleh akses informasi dan pengetahuan ini kemudian menggerakkan inovasi-inovasi sehingga informasi tersebut dapat sampai ke public itu sendiri.

KpSHK for Society: "Cintai Hutan Indonesia"

KpSHK - Konsorsium pendukung Sistem Hutan Kerakyatan, sebagai Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat yang bergerak dengan Visi Terwujudnya kemandirian rakyat dalam penguasaan dan pengelolaan sumber kekayaan alam secara berkelanjutan. Selama aktivitasnya KpSHK telah menerbitkan berbagai publikasi sebagai media promosi terhadap sistem hutan kerakyatan sebagai sumber kehidupan berbasis kearifan lokal dan tradisional.

Sebagai salah satu strategi penyebaran informasi dan tanggung jawab kepada publik atas segala aktifitas yang dilakukan, coba dituangkan dalam sebuah "Aksi Simpatik" dengan mengangkat tema "Cintai Hutan Indonesia" pada tanggal 14 Februari 2009 bertempat di Tugu Kujang - Bogor.

Harapan dari kegiatan ini adalah dengan memberikan keleluasaan kepada publik untuk memperoleh segala informasi atas pengelolaan semberdaya alam, khususnya di Indonesia, sehingga dapat diperoleh dukungan lebih luas lagi dari masyarakat luas atas upaya-upaya penyelamatan sumber daya alam di Indonesia.

true fact about Sitting Wind (Angin Duduk)

Ada kabar memberitakan tentang seorang yang meninggal di usia yang ke-31 dengan
status single. Menurut dokter-dokter yang turut melayat,kemungkinan penyebabnya adalah
angin duduk, karena pagi harinya dia masih masuk kantor, walaupun pada saat jam istirahat minta ijin pulang karena kepalanya pusing. Kebetulan ybs tidur sekamar dengan kakak perempuannya yang juga bekerja di kantor yang sama, dan masih sempat terbangun karena adiknya menanyakan minyak kayu putih sekitar setengah 12 malam,
lalu paginya waktu dibangunkan pagi hari untuk berangkat kekantor, ternyata sang adik sudah meninggal dengan posisi tidur dengan wajah sedikit menahan rasa sakit,
dan kebiruan sekitar leher.

Atas dasar itulah saya informasikan sedikit mengenai angin duduk atau nama kerennya Sindrom Jantung Koroner Akut. Angin Duduk sama dengan Sindrom Jantung Koroner Akut Hanya dalam 15 menit sampai 30 menit, orang yang terserang angin duduk bisa meninggal.

Padahal, penderita, sebelumnya terlihat sehat-sehat saja.

Dunia kedokteran selama dua tahun terakhir berhasil mengidentifikasi istilah baru penyakit jantung yang akrab disebut angin duduk. Ternyata, penyakit ini tak sekedar masuk angin berat, tetapi identik dengan sindrom serangan jantung koroner akut (SSJKA).

Teridentifikasinya istilah ini, menurut Guru Besar Bidang Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI,
Prof DR dr Teguh Santoso.SpPD, di Jakarta,pekan lalu. Menandai sebuah koreksi besar terhadap mitos yang berkembang di masyarakat selama ini. Bahwa masuk angin hebat itu adalah penyakit yang berbahaya, bahkan bisa menimbulkan kematian hanya dalam waktu 15 hingga 30 menit sejak serangan pertama.

Jadi kata Teguh lagi, jika Anda tiba-tiba merasa nyeri dada, sebaiknya tidak melakukan aktivitas fisik apapun termasuk berhubungan seks. Segeralah pergi ke rumah sakit yang menyediakan fasilitas penanganan Gawat darurat jantung.

*Ingat!. Tidak boleh lebih dari 15 menit setelah serangan nyeri pertama*.

Sindrom serangan jantung koroner akut merupakan penemuan terbaru akhir banyak disikapi masyarakat dengan tindakan yang salah. Misalnya, penderita dikerok, diberi minuman air panas, atau diberi ramu-ramuan untuk mengeluarkan angin. Padahal, penderita bisa meninggal mendadak tanpa ada tanda-tanda sakit.

*Gejalanya:*

* Muncul keluhan nyeri ditengah dada, seperti:
- Rasa ditekan
- Rasa diremas-remas, menjalar ke leher,lengan kiri
dan kanan, serta ulu hati.
- Rasa terbakar dengan sesak napas dan keringat
dingin.
- Keluhan nyeri ini bisa merambat ke kedua rahang gigi
kanan atau kiri, bahu,serta punggung. Lebih spesifik,

ada juga yang disertai kembung pada ulu hati seperti

masuk angin atau maag.

Sumber masalah sesungguhnya hanya terletak pada penyempitan pembuluh darah jantung (vasokonstriksi) .

Penyempitan ini diakibatkan oleh empat hal :
* Pertama, adanya timbunan-lemak (aterosklerosis)dalam pembuluh darah akibat konsumsi kolesterol tinggi.
* Kedua, sumbatan (trombosis) oleh sel beku darah (trombus).
* Ketiga, Vasokonstriksi atau penyempitan pembuluh darah akibat kejang yang terus menerus.
* Keempat, infeksi pada pembuluh darah.

Penyempitan itu,lanjutnya lagi, mengakibatkan berkurangnya oksigen yang masuk ke dalam jantung. Ketidak-seimbangan pasokan dengan kebutuhan oksigen pada tubuh mengakibatkan nyeri dada yang dalam istilah medisnya disebut angina. Namun kata Teguh, hendaknya dibedakan antara keluhan nyeri pada sindrom serangan jantung koroner akut (SSJKA)dengan serangan jantung koroner (SJK)(infark miokard).

Pada SJK, angina terjadi akibat sumbatan total pembuluh darah jantung karena aktivitas fisik yang berlebihan. Sementara pada SSJKA angina terjadi akibat sumbatan tidak total yang dirasakan saat istirahat.

"SSJKA ini memang mendadak.Bukan karena capek, masuk angin, atau penyakit-penyakit lainnya. Biasanya penderita akan meninggal paling lama lima belas menit setelah
keluhan rasa nyeri pertama kali dirasakan".Kata Teguh.

Masyarakat diminta waspada terhadap keluhan angina ini. Soalnya penderita sebelum terserang akan tampak sehat-sehat. Solusi satu-satunya hanyalah melonggarkan sumbatan yang terjadi, yaitu dengan memberikan obat anti platelet (sel pembeku darah) dan anti
koagulan. Atau, obat untuk mengantisipasi ketidak-seimbangan supply oksigen dan
kebutuhan oksigen. Misalnya nitrat, betabloker, dan kalsium antagonis.

Di tempat terpisah, ahli jantung RS Jantung Harapan Kita dr.Santoso Karo-Karo MPH, SpJp mengungkapkan kondisi rumah sakit di Indonesia tidak terlalu bisa diharapkan
untuk pengobatan SSJKA. Rumah sakit terkesan lambat menangani pasien. Untuk itu ia menyarankan agar penderita yang sudah tahu bahwa dirinya memiliki gangguan jantung
sebaiknya membawa tablet antiplatelet ke manapun ia pergi. Obat antiplatelet yang paling murah dan gampang di cari adalah aspirin. Obat ini selain bermanfaat sebagai pertolongan pertama mengatasi nyeri dan melonggarkan kembali pembuluh darah yang tersumbat oleh thrombosit atau platelet (sel pembeku darah).
(nino dari berbagai sumber)

Seven Pounds

Once, Tim Thomas (Will Smith) was a gifted aerospace engineer with a beautiful wife and a lovely beach house. Then, while using his cell phone while driving, his car wandered across lanes and he became responsible for the deaths of 7 others, including his beloved wife.

Unable to forgive himself or raise the dead, Tim sets out to give "pounds of flesh" that will give new life to seven deserving individuals to make up for the seven lives he destroyed. Just as Antonio would have to die to pay Shylock the "pound of flesh" he demands, Tim intends to kill himself to atone for his sins.

His brother Ben (Michael Ealy), who works for the IRS, is deeply concerned about his state of mind. Tim steals his brother's IRS ID to access the IRS database and to find and meet people who he believes worthy of his gifts which includes body organs and material possessions. Holly Apelgren (Judyann Elder), Ezra Turner (Woody Harrelson), Connie Tepos (Elpidia Carrillo) and Emily Posa (Rosario Dawson) are among those whom he identifies to help.

Furthermore, Tim assumes his brother's identity of "Ben Thomas" to personally investigate these people and verify that they are indeed the right people he should help. He has a plan for when he identifies his 7 beneficiaries that requires his best friend Dan (Barry Pepper) to see that his wishes are carried out after he is dead. Tim's plan threatens to unravel when he begins to fall in love with one of the people he is trying to help.
(imdb)

Hutan VS Desa (Hutan Desa vs Desa Hutan)

1. Hutan desa! mendorong desa untuk mengelola hutan dalam wilayah
administrasi desa.
2. Desa hutan! mendorong desa untuk membangun peradaban masyarakat komunitas
hutan.

Jika nomer 1. maka pemerintah akan membangun infrastruktur dalam rangka
pemanfaatan hutan sekitar desa sebagai perangkat peningkatan pendapatan.

Jika nomer 2. maka pemerintah akan membangun infrastruktur dalam rangka
revitalisasi fungsi hutan sebagai perangkat penghemat pengeluaran.

Jika sejahtera kita pandang sebagai besarnya pendapatan maka menarik untuk
mengelola hutan desa.
namun jika sejahtera kita pandang sebagai kecilnya pengeluaran maka menarik
untuk mengelola desa hutan.


sejumput keisengan dalam
Kongres Lei, 6 Februari 2009


fadil nandila

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

"I was born under unusual circumstances." And so begins 'The Curious Case of Benjamin Button,' adapted from the 1921s story by F. Scott Fitzgerald about a man who is born in his eighties and ages backwards: a man, like any of us, who is unable to stop time. We follow his story, set in New Orleans from the end of World War I in 1918 to the 21st century, following his journey that is as unusual as any man's life can be. Directed by David Fincher and starring Brad Pitt and Cate Blanchett with Taraji P. Henson, Tilda Swinton, Jason Flemyng, Elias Koteas and Julia Ormond, Benjamin Button is a grand tale of a not-so-ordinary man and the people and places he discovers along the way, the loves he finds, the joys of life and the sadness of death, and what lasts beyond time. (imdb)

Vicky Christina Barcelona (the Synopsis)

Vicky (Rebecca Hall) and Cristina (Scarlet Johansson) visit Barcelona for their summer, staying with Vicky's distant relative Judy (Patricia Clarkson) and her husband, Mark Nash (Kevin Dunn). A Narrator (voice of Christopher Evan Welch), present throughout the film, describes the two friends: Vicky is practical and traditional in her approach to love and commitment, and is engaged to the reliable but unromantic Doug (Chris Messina). She is in Barcelona getting her masters in Catalan Identity, a project spawned by her love of the works of Gaudí, and is emotionally moved by Spanish guitar. Cristina, on the other hand, is spontaneous and unsure of what she wants in life. She is just out of a relationship and wants to get over the bad time she had making a 12-minute film about Love.

At an art exhibition, they notice the artist Juan Antonio (Javier Bardem). Cristina is impressed with him at first sight, and grows intrigued when Judy and Mark tell the girls that the artist has suffered a violent relationship with his ex-wife, María Elena (Penélope Cruz). Later that night, the pair notice him across the room in a resturant. He and Christina exchange glances, and he approaches their table, asks Christina's eye color, and abruptly invites them to accompany him to the town of Oviedo, where they will sight-see, drink wine and, hopefully, make love. Christina accepts at once, but Vicky is skeptical and refuses. She is eventually convinced, and the pair accompany Juan Antonio to Oviedo on a small private plane during a storm.

At the end of the day, after some sight-seeing and a good deal of wine, Juan Antonio asks both women to come to his room. While Vicky refuses to sleep with him, Cristina agrees, but suddenly falls ill with an ulcer and food poisoning. For the remainder of the weekend, Vicky and Juan Antonio are forced to sight-see alone. During their trip, he tells her about his ex-wife and his loving but violent relationship with her. After more wine over dinner and a guitar concert in a park, Vicky succumbs to his charms and the two make love.

The next day, Juan takes them back to Barcelona. Vicky, feeling guilty, does not confess the incident to Cristina, and the two begin to grow apart, Vicky throwing herself into work and Cristina experimenting with photography and poetry. Juan Antonio calls Cristina back, and they begin to date. Doug suddenly suggests to Vicky that they get married in Spain in a civil ceremony, assuring her that their high society wedding will take place later in the States. She agrees, with some misgivings, and he flies to Barcelona from New York.

Cristina and Juan Antonio grow closer and they move in together. Suddenly one night, Juan Antonio receives a call that María Elena has attempted to kill herself. Since she has nowhere else to go, he brings her home, and she moves into the guest room. Though initially María Elena distrusts Cristina, she soon develops a liking for her and encourages her photography, which becomes better as a result.

Cristina soon realizes that the ex-spouses are still in love, and María Elena confides that their relationship was always loving but unstable because they were missing something, a mystery element neither of them figured out. María Elena now suggests that the missing link is in fact, Cristina, and the three indulge in extremely cooperative sexual relationships, as Cristina begins making love to María Elena as well. Cristina discloses the events of her life to Vicky, who appears secretly jealous of her friend's freedom, and to Doug, who disapproves.

As the summer winds to a close, Vicky has realized that she is unsatisfied in her married life, and is still attracted to Juan Antonio. She sees Judy cheating on her husband but understands why Judy can't leave her husband, and confides in the older woman. Judy, who sees Vicky as a younger version of herself,takes it upon herself to bring the two together. Meanwhile, Cristina realizes that she can't live in a threesome for the rest of her life and decides to leave Juan Antonio and María Elena. Maria does not take the news well and breaks down. Cristina goes to France to spend the last week of her summer. With their "missing link" gone, Juan Antonio and María Elena break up again.

As a final attempt to pair up Juan Antonio and Vicky, Judy arranges for their meeting at a party. He begs her to to meet him the next day. After lying to Doug, Vicky, against her better judgment, goes to Juan's home for lunch, after which Juan tries to seduce her again. She is about to allow herself to be seduced when María Elena enters the scene with a gun and begins firing wildly. As Juan Antonio takes the gun away from his sobbing wife, the gun goes off and Vicky is accidentally shot in the hand, wounding her slightly. Vicky shouts at both of them, calling them insane, and that she could never live like this, and leaves.

When Cristina returns from France, Vicky confesses the entire story to her. Doug is never told the true version of events. As the three Americans return to the USA, Vicky goes back to her married life and Cristina remains where she started, not knowing what she wants, but knowing what she doesn't. As Vicky chooses to live her planned, perceived ideal life and Christina chooses to live with no plans for life, they end where they begin. (imdb)

Lima Menit Lagi

Seorang ibu duduk di samping seorang pria di bangku dekat Taman-Main di West Coast Park pada suatu minggu pagi yang indah cerah.

"Tuh.., itu putraku yang di situ," katanya, sambil menunjuk ke arah seorang anak kecil dalam T-shirt merah yang sedang meluncur turun dipelorotan. Mata ibu itu berbinar, bangga.

"Wah, bagus sekali bocah itu," kata bapak di sebelahnya.

"Lihat anak yangsedang main ayunan di bandulan pakai T-shirt biru itu? Dia anakku," sambungnya, memperkenalkan.
Lalu, sambil melihat arloji, ia memanggil putranya. "Ayo Jack, gimana kalau kita sekarang pulang?"

Jack, bocah kecil itu, setengah memelas, berkata, "Kalau lima menit lagi,boleh ya, Yahhh? Sebentar lagi Ayah, boleh kan? Cuma tambah lima menit kok,yaaa...?"

Pria itu mengangguk dan Jack meneruskan main ayunan untuk memuaskan hatinya. Menit menit berlalu, sang ayah berdiri, memanggil anaknya lagi. "Ayo, ayo, sudah waktunya berangkat?"

Lagi-lagi Jack memohon, "Ayah, lima menit lagilah. Cuma lima menit tok, ya? Boleh ya, Yah?" pintanya sambil menggaruk-garuk kepalanya.

Pria itu bersenyum dan berkata, "OK-lah, iyalah..."

"Wah, bapak pasti seorang ayah yang sabar," ibu yang di sampingnya, dan melihat adegan itu, tersenyum senang dengan sikap lelaki itu.

Pria itu membalas senyum, lalu berkata, "Putraku yang lebih tua, John, tahun lalu terbunuh selagi bersepeda di dekat sini, oleh sopir yang mabuk. Tahu tidak, aku tak pernah memberikan cukup waktu untuk bersama John. Sekarang apa pun ingin kuberikan demi Jack, asal saja saya bisa bersamanya biar pun hanya untuk lima menit lagi. Saya bernazar tidak akan mengulangi kesalahan yang sama lagi terhadap Jack. Ia pikir, ia dapat lima menit ekstra tambahan untuk berayun, untuk terus bermain. Padahal, sebenarnya, sayalah yang memperoleh tambahan lima menit memandangi dia bermain, menikmati kebersamaan bersama dia, menikmati tawa renyah-bahagianya...."

Hidup ini bukanlah suatu lomba. Hidup ialah masalah membuat prioritas.Prioritas apa yang Anda miliki saat ini? Berikanlah pada seseorang yang kaukasihi, lima menit saja dari waktumu, dan engkau pastilah tidak akan menyesal selamanya.